Moisture,+Clouds+and+Precipitation


 * Study Guide:**
 * 18.1**
 * **Water's Changes of State (of matter) Fig. 2 pg. 505**
 * **Concept of Humidity**
 * **Saturation**
 * **Relative Humidity & factors that influence RH (Fig. 3 pg. 507)**
 * **temperature & amount of water vapor**
 * **Dew Point**
 * **Measuring Humidity (Hygrometer)**
 * **Compare & contrast cold air vs. warm air regarding humidity**
 * 18.2**
 * **How air is heated near the surface (conduction)**
 * **Adiabatic Temperature changes Fig. 7 pg. 511**
 * **warm air rises, expands & cools**
 * **cool air sinks, compresses & warms**
 * **How is air lifted?**
 * **4 lifting mechanisms, Fig. 8 A, B, C, D pgs. 512-513**
 * **Condensation**
 * **Saturation**
 * **Condensation nuclei**
 * 18.3**
 * **Cloud types & classification schemes**
 * **Fog**
 * **Precipitation**
 * **Cold-cloud precipitation**
 * **freezing nuclei come in contact with supercooled water droplets which freeze instantly onto the nuclei -> this process continues to occur until a snow crystal is formed and falls out of the cloud due to the force of gravity or downdraft winds**
 * **Warm-cloud precipitation**
 * **water droplets collide with other water droplets until they are massive enough to be pulled out of the air by gravity**
 * **Forms of precipitation pg. 522**

Water!
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USGS Water in the Atmosphere Hydrologic Cycle





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 * States of Matter:**

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 * Water in the Atmosphere:**
 * Question: Why does the amount of water vapor that can exist in 1kg of air change with temperature? Answer**

**Clouds & Cloud Formation: (Videos for Video Quest 12/11/14)**
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 * VQV#1:**

media type="youtube" key="dQeCEqkE9eE" width="560" height="315" __**WHY?**__An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is gained or lost by the system. An adiabatic process may be accomplished by thermal insulation or by making rapid changes in volume so that there is no time for heat to be exchanged. The first law of thermodynamics with Q=0 shows that all the change in internal energy is in the form of work done DU = -A. When a gas expands adiabatically it does positive work. The internal energy drops and the temperature drops too. On the contrary, when gas is compressed it does the negative work and the temperature rises. Temperature is the measure of kinetic energy of chaotic motion of the molecules. Higher temperatures correspond to more intense motion of the gas molecules. On a microscopic level it means that when the piston compresses a gas, the speed at which the molecule will be reflected from the piston will be greater than its initial speed. Therefore after reflection from the piston the molecule of gas will receive an additional energy which will be redistributed with time between all molecules of gas due to their mutual collisions.
 * VQV#2:**

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 * VQV#3: **

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 * Cloud Classification**
 * National Geographic Clouds Article**
 * National Geographic Clouds Photo Gallery **
 * Top Ten Amazing Cloud Formations**
 * VQV#4:**

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 * VQV#5:**

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 * VQV#6:**

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 * VQV#7:**

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 * VQV#8:**

Clouds and Cloud Formations
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Precipitation:
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